Macroeconomics is like a zoo, and microeconomics is like each exhibit.

Wednesday 15 February 2012

Long Run Costs and Economies of Scale

Chelsey's Wedding Invitation Design Company is an interactive website that allows one to customise their wedding ivitiations. The website has simple designs and online step by step tutorials on how to customise a wedding invitation. One has the ability to upload pictures, select their formatting and their paper. There are various types of speciality paper for all wedding themes. Invitiations are shipped out quickly and efficiently for all time lines.

The size of Chelsey's Wedding Invitation Design Company is small-based family company. The market that this company targets is engaged couples. There is a huge market for wedding stationary in Canada. Couples require invitations to invite people to their wedding.

The wedding market is highly trendy and involves planning and keeping up on unique ideas which is a long-run cost for this company. For marketing this company will need to be involved in all of the social media to have their business spread. Chelsey's Wedding Invitation Design Company would like to eventually spread out into the other types of stationery's needed for weddings (eg. Programs). This company has increased their budget for the latest technology for printing and web design. The anti-virus needs to be updated monthly. The fixed costs are the number of employees, the rental building used to produce the invitations.

A business that is similar is Invitations by Dawn. A strength for this company is when searching wedding invitations in google they are in the top search list. This company offers all types of different wedding stationary needs. Their company is easy to navigate and have a variety of different shipping options available. A weakness for this company is they do not take paypal which does not appeal to all customers. Most people would be hesitate to input their credit card on a non-secure site.

Below is a link to Invitations by Dawn
http://www.invitationsbydawn.ca/

Tuesday 7 February 2012

Law of Diminishing Returns

Law of Diminishing Returns is the production process where one input increases while the other inputs stay constant. When one input increases there will be a point where the marginal product will begin to decrease and causes a diminishing return.

Lemieux states that there are diminishing returns to tobacco legislation. I will examine this article and explain the main points and how it relates to Microeconomics.The main points in the debate are: People that smoke will become numb to the health risks and graphics posted on the cigarette packs. The Government will need to keep escalating the percentage of the graphics on the packs. The most people who have already quit smoking are not smoking and the people who are smoking are still smoking despite the graphics posted on the packs. In the 10 year period from 1985-1995 every 2.8% increase in taxes 1% of smokers quit. In the 4 year period from 1995-1999 every 4.36% that taxes were increased 1% of smokers quit (p.3).

The point that lessens the argument for me is Lemieux states that the consumers will try to get around the Government taxes & regulations by smuggling cigarettes (p. 6). This lessens the debate as Lemieux is for increasing the graphics on the cigarette packs and increasing the taxes to a point of decreasing returns to regulation.

I estimate that the point of diminishing returns for the Government is any increase in the rate of intervention above the period from 1995-1999. From 1995-1999 the rate of smokers quitting was 2.75% per year and in the prior 10 years the rate was only 1.8%. In the 10 years prior the tax increase was 5.2% a year as from 1995-1999 the percent of tax increase was 12%. This increase of 12% from 5.2% saw a jump of .95% year over year in the number of quitters.

Lemieux states that prohibiting more "public places" could provide a solution that would increase the government's production and decrease their diminished returns.

Since smokers are quiting there will be a drop in demand which will cause surplus of cigarettes. A surplus would typically cause a drop in price. However assuming the government taxation includes a price floor it will be difficult to increase demand for the cigarette firms.

This will affect Sin Taxes as the lower the demand means that simply raising the tax rate will necessary raise the tax revenue equally creating a more elastic demand.


Lemieux, P. (2001, Mar 19). The Diminishing Returns to Tobacco Legislation. The Laissez Faire City Times. Retrieved on January 30, 2012 from http://www.pierrelemieux.org/artdiminish.html